Banking

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On November 13, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) released a pilot study titled “Matched-Pair Testing in Small Business Lending Markets” highlighting what the CFPB believes were two statistically significant disparities in the treatment of Black and white small business owners seeking loans. First, the secret shopping study indicated that Black entrepreneurs were less encouraged by small business lenders to apply for loans. Specifically, such lenders expressed interest in obtaining loan applications from 40% of white participants, but only 23% of Black participants. Second, the study found that Black participants were more frequently steered toward alternative financing products — such as business credit cards or real estate-secured loans — compared to their white counterparts with similar or weaker business credit profiles. Specifically, non-requested or alternative credit products were discussed with 59% of Black participants, compared to 39% of white participants.

On October 18, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed a district court’s vacatur of a maritime attachment order, providing a detailed analysis of the requirements for personal and in rem jurisdiction over attached property under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Yesterday, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) issued its final rule on personal financial data rights, purportedly aimed at enhancing consumer control over their financial data and promoting competition in the financial services industry. According to the Bureau’s press release, “[t]he rule requires financial institutions, credit card issuers, and other financial providers to unlock an individual’s personal financial data and transfer it to another provider at the consumer’s request for free… help[ing] lower prices on loans and improve customer service across payments, credit, and banking markets.” Later that same day, a complaint was filed challenging the Bureau’s authority.

On October 4, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced increased dollar thresholds used to determine whether certain consumer credit and lease transactions in 2025 are exempt from Regulation Z (Truth in Lending) and Regulation M (Consumer Leasing).

On October 10, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a landmark redlining settlement with Citadel Federal Credit Union (Citadel), marking the first such agreement with a credit union in the DOJ’s history. This settlement, the 14th in DOJ’s Combatting Redlining Initiative since 2021, addresses allegations that Citadel engaged in discriminatory lending practices by redlining predominantly Black and Hispanic neighborhoods in and around Philadelphia. Under the terms of the proposed consent order, Citadel will pay over $6.5 million to resolve these allegations.

On September 24, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) announced a significant development in its efforts to implement open banking rules in the United States. The Bureau has initiated a public comment process for the first application from an organization seeking recognition as an open banking standard-setter.

Yesterday, the League of Southeastern Credit Unions (LSCU) and the Virginia Credit Union League (VCUL) announced plans to merge, marking the first state league consolidation since 2022. According to the leagues’ combined website, this strategic partnership will provide a larger, more diverse membership base and will have a stronger voice in industry discussions and advocacy efforts. Additionally, by implementing a modernized dues formula, the leagues’ members will benefit from increased efficiencies and cost savings.

On June 20, six federal financial services regulators issued the final automated valuation model (AVM) rule. The AVM rule, initially proposed in June 2023 and discussed here, aims to implement the quality control standards mandated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act). The final AVM rule is largely identical to the proposed rule and is set to take effect on the first day of the calendar quarter following 12 months after its publication in the Federal Register.

On May 30, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously decided Cantero, reaffirming and elaborating on the Barnett Bank preemption standard, and remanding the case to the Second Circuit for further proceedings. Cantero addressed whether a New York law requiring the payment of at least 2% per annum interest on mortgage escrow deposits was preempted by federal law as to national banks. The Supreme Court held that the Second Circuit erred when it failed to apply the preemption standard articulated in Barnett Bank of Marion County, N.A. v. Nelson, which was incorporated by Congress into the Dodd-Frank Act. The Court rejected the lower court’s holding “that federal law preempts any state law that ‘purports to exercise control over a federally granted banking power,’ regardless of ‘the magnitude of its effects.’” The Court also rejected the approach argued by the petitioners, explaining it would “yank the preemption standard to the opposite extreme, and would preempt virtually no non-discriminatory state laws that apply to both state and national banks.”

On June 18, a Colorado federal court granted the plaintiff trade groups’ motion for a preliminary injunction, effectively halting the enforcement of Colorado’s H.B. 1229 with respect to loans made by out-of-state state-chartered banks.