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Taylor Gess

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Taylor focuses her practice on providing regulatory advice on matters related to federal and state consumer protection, consumer finance, and payments laws, including those that apply to payment cards, lines of credit, installment loans, electronic payments, online banking, buy-now-pay-later transactions, retail installment contracts, rental-purchase transactions, and small business loans.

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In this crossover episode of The Consumer Finance Podcast and Payments Pros, Chris Willis, Jason Cover, and Taylor Gess unravel the often-confused distinctions between loans and credit sales in the first installment of our Point-of-Sale Finance Series. This episode sheds light on the regulatory nuances that impact the delivery of financial products. From the historical backdrop of Retail Installment Sales Acts to the modern-day challenges of terminology, the conversation offers a comprehensive overview of the pros and cons of retail installment contracts and direct loans. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or new to consumer finance, this discussion will enhance your understanding of these pivotal financial structures.

On March 20, the Arkansas governor signed into law Arkansas Act 347, known as the Earned Wage Access Services Act. Sponsored by Representative David Ray (R) and Senator Ben Gilmore (R), this legislation aims to regulate earned wage access (EWA) providers. Notably, “providers” is defined to include a person engaged in the business of offering earned wage access, but not an employer that advances a portion of earned wages directly to employees or independent contractors.

The Utah Legislature has passed H.B. 279, known as the Earned Wage Access Services Act. Sponsored by Representative A. Cory Maloy (R) and Senator Chris H. Wilson (R), this legislation aims to regulate earned wage access (EWA) providers. Notably, “providers” is defined to include a person engaged in the business of offering earned wage access, but not an employer that advances a portion of earned wages directly to employees or independent contractors. If signed by the Governor, the Act will take effect on May 7, 2025.

On January 8, Senate Bill No. 1252 (SB 1252) was introduced to the Virginia General Assembly, aiming to amend and reenact sections of the Code of Virginia related to the application of usury rates. Just two weeks ago, the bill was passed by both the House and Senate. Opponents of the bill contend that the language and effect is very unclear, but that broad language and stringent provisions could stifle innovation and ultimately harm consumers by limiting their access to credit.

On January 10, the Alaska Legislature introduced Senate Bill 39 that aims to amend the state’s Small Loan Act. This proposed legislation seeks to implement significant changes, including the introduction of a predominant economic interest test, the repeal of Alaska’s payday loan law, and amending the maximum interest rate that can be charged on loans up to $25,000.

Earlier this week, we discussed the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) final amendments to the Negative Option Rule, now retitled the Rule Concerning Recurring Subscriptions and Other Negative Option Programs. These amendments, which are set to take effect 180 days after publication in the Federal Register, are purportedly aimed at stopping deceptive and unfair practices in negative option marketing. However, the rule has now drawn a legal challenge.

On October 11, the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) approved the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation’s (DFPI) proposed regulations on direct-to-consumer (i.e., non-employer offered) earned wage access (EWA) products. This approval marks the culmination of a lengthy regulatory process that began in March 2023 and involved multiple rounds of modifications and public comments. The regulations also impose requirements on debt settlement companies and education financing providers. It will become effective on February 15, 2025.

In March 2023, we discussed the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) aimed at making it easier for consumers to cancel recurring subscriptions and memberships. The proposed rule was part of the FTC’s review of its Negative Option Rule, which sought to broaden its scope. Publication of the NPRM resulted in more…

On September 18, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) issued a set of frequently asked questions (FAQs) providing guidance on applying Regulation Z requirements to Pay-in-Four Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) products accessed through digital user accounts (DUAs). These FAQs follow the Bureau’s interpretive rule issued in May of this year, subjecting BNPL transactions to provisions of Regulation Z applicable to “credit cards.”

A proposed class action lawsuit has been filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against EarnIn, a FinTech provider of Earned Wage Access services, alleging that its optional fees and tips constitute hidden interest payments. The complaint claims that EarnIn’s practices violate Georgia’s Payday Loan Act and the federal Truth in Lending Act (TILA).