Regulatory Enforcement + Compliance

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The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) is taking a significant step to modify its supervisory approach to nonbanks by publishing a proposed rule advancing a more stringent definition of “risks to consumers” in the context of § 1024(a)(1)(C) of the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA) when designating nonbanks for supervision. This move aims to limit the Bureau’s oversight of nonbanks to cases where there is a high likelihood of significant harm to consumers, thereby narrowing the scope of its supervisory authority.

Last week, Illinois Governor JB Pritzker signed two landmark pieces of legislation aimed at protecting consumers from cryptocurrency scams and fraud. The Digital Assets and Consumer Protection Act (SB1797) and the Digital Asset Kiosk Act (SB2319) establish comprehensive regulatory frameworks for digital asset businesses operating in Illinois.

As digital assets continue to reshape the financial landscape, regulatory clarity around stablecoins is increasingly vital. The GENIUS Act, signed into law by President Trump in July, establishes the first-ever federal regulatory system for stablecoins and aims to position the U.S. as the global leader in digital assets. This is a historic shift in U.S. digital asset policy, prioritizing consumer protection, financial stability, and national security, while aiming to cement America’s leadership in the global digital currency revolution.

On August 18, the U.S. Department of the Treasury issued a Request for Comment, inviting interested members of the public to provide input on innovative methods to detect and mitigate illicit finance risks involving digital assets. This initiative fulfills the GENIUS Act directive for the Secretary of the Treasury to seek public comment on methods to detect illicit activity involving digital assets, complements the January 23, 2025 Executive Order 14178 on “Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology” to promote responsible digital asset growth and U.S. leadership in digital finance, and aligns with the July 30, 2025 report from the President’s Working Group on Digital Assets advocating enhanced anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) measures through public-private collaboration. In conjunction with the SEC’s “Project Crypto,” this Request for Comment bolsters the Administration’s commitment to fostering responsible innovation in digital finance while addressing potential risks and misuses by illicit actors.

On August 21, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) took a significant step forward in its reconsideration of the Section 1033 open banking final rule, originally issued in November 2024, by issuing an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR). This move follows the Bureau’s announcement that it would be reopening the rulemaking process when it requested a stay to the original rule amidst legal challenges.

As has been well-documented, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) is navigating a period of significant uncertainty. Just last week, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia vacated a preliminary injunction in the case of National Treasury Employees Union v. CFPB, potentially allowing for substantial layoffs and operational changes within the agency (discussed here). Despite this development, the CFPB briefly released an ambitious rulemaking agenda on the OMB’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs website on August 15, which then became inaccessible due to “Site Maintenance.”

On August 8, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) published a series of proposed rules aimed at redefining what constitutes a “larger participant” in several key financial markets. Under § 1024 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act, the Bureau’s supervisory authority extends to “larger participants” offering consumer financial products or services. The proposed rules seek to amend existing thresholds in the consumer reporting, auto financing, consumer debt collection, and international money transfer markets to better align with current market conditions and regulatory priorities. The Bureau is accepting comments on these proposals until September 22, 2025.

On August 15, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia issued a decision in the case of National Treasury Employees Union (NTEU) v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau). The appellate court vacated the district court’s preliminary injunction, which had previously restricted the CFPB’s actions to halt the Bureau’s operations and terminate its employees.

On July 31, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Paul Atkins (Chair Atkins) presented “Project Crypto,” an initiative aimed at positioning the U.S. as the global leader in the digital finance world. In his address, Chair Atkins outlined his vision to modernize securities rules and regulations, enabling America’s financial markets to fully embrace blockchain technology and move on-chain. This plan solidifies President Trump’s vision of making the U.S. the crypto capital of the world and signals a new era of regulatory clarity and innovation for the crypto industry within the U.S.

In a significant ruling, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the dismissal of a consumer’s state law claims against a federal credit union on federal preemption grounds. The putative class action plaintiff’s claims challenged the credit union’s $15 dollar returned-check fee under California’s Unfair Competition Law (UCL), arguing it was an “unfair” and “unlawful” business practice, especially since the check the plaintiff deposited was declined without any funds being made available to him. The Ninth Circuit upheld the district court’s ruling that the plaintiff’s state law unfair competition claim was preempted by 12 C.F.R. § 701.35, which states expressly that state laws regulating bank fees do not apply to federal credit unions.